Sap kernel что это

Download & Upgrade SAP Kernel: Step by Step Tutorial

Updated October 7, 2021

What is a Kernel?

Why Kernel Upgrade?

How to check Kernel Version?

There are many ways to check the Kernel Version –

Method 1) Logon to SAP system and go to SM51 à Release Notes

Method 2) Logon to SAP system and go to System tab in the menu bar and select Status

Method 3) Logon in operating system, switch to user adm and give the command disp+work

You can also give disp+work –version

Download Kernel from Service Marketplace

Database Dependent: ORACLE

Kernel Upgrade Steps:

Step 1: Create a new Directory at OS level with enough space. Name of Dir can be “exe_new ”.

Step 2: Transfer these SAPEXEDB.SAR & SAPEXE.SAR files which you have downloaded to the new directory at OS level.

Step 4: Now uncompress these. SAR files by sapcar exe. The command used for the same would be

Step 5:
Now create one more directory in that path with the name “exe_old ”. Take the backup of existing kernel.Copy (only copy not move) the existing kernel from exe directory to “exe_old ”

Step 6: Now stop the SAP application. (For kernel upgrade the shutdown of database is not essential but we need to stop the SAP application)

Step 7:

Then copy the files from the new kernel directory exe_new to the existing kernel directory exe

Step 8: This will copy / replace all the files in the existing kernel directory with a new kernel files.

Then check the kernel version from OS level by the command disp+work. It should show that the patch number has been increased.

Step 9:

Then logon to OS level as root (specific to UNIX). In the kernel directory, there is a script called saproot.sh. Execute this script

Step 10: This script assigns the correct permissions to all the executable programs in the kernel such br* file etc…

Step 11:

Then start the SAP system

Step 12: Now you can also check the kernel version level from SM51 or by selecting system à status

Источник

20) SAP Kernel & Update

Что такое ядро?

Зачем обновлять ядро?

Как проверить версию ядра?

Существует много способов проверить версию ядра —

метод 1) Войдите в систему SAP и перейдите к SM51 à Примечания к выпуску

Способ 2) Войдите в систему SAP и перейдите на вкладку Система в строке меню и выберите Статус

Способ 3) Войдите в операционную систему, переключитесь на пользователя adm и введите команду disp + work.

Вы также можете указать disp + work –version.

Скачать ядро ​​с сервисной торговой площадки

Независимая база данных

Зависит от базы данных: ORACLE

Шаги по обновлению ядра:

Шаг 1: Создайте новый каталог на уровне ОС с достаточным пространством. Имя Dir может быть «exe_new ».

Шаг 2: Перенесите эти файлы SAPEXEDB.SAR & SAPEXE.SAR, которые вы загрузили, в новый каталог на уровне ОС.

Шаг 4: Теперь распакуйте их. SAR файлы от sapcar exe. Команда, используемая для того же, будет

Шаг 5: Теперь создайте еще один каталог по этому пути с именем «exe_old ». Возьмите резервную копию существующего ядра. Скопируйте (только копируйте, но не перемещайте) существующее ядро ​​из каталога exe в «exe_old »

Шаг 6: Теперь остановите приложение SAP. (Для обновления ядра отключение базы данных не является обязательным, но нам нужно остановить приложение SAP)

Шаг 7:

Шаг 8: Это скопирует / заменит все файлы в существующем каталоге ядра новыми файлами ядра.

Затем проверьте версию ядра с уровня ОС командой disp + work. Это должно показать, что номер патча был увеличен.

Шаг 9:

Шаг 10: Этот сценарий назначает правильные разрешения всем исполняемым программам в ядре, например, br * file и т. Д.

Шаг 11:

Шаг 12: Теперь вы также можете проверить уровень версии ядра с SM51 или выбрав system à status

Источник

Information on SAP kernel and Upgrade

SAP Kernel

Kernel upgrade is a keen and effective process to keep SAP system health in a high.

As part of Basis, we all come across kernel upgrade. I would like to share my experience in a kernel upgrade, process.

In general, what is Kernel?

In computing, the kernel is a computer program that manages I/O (input/output) requests from software, and translates them into data processing instructions for the central processing unit and other electronic components of a computer. The kernel is a fundamental part of a modern computer’s operating system.

Now how we relate a kernel to SAP:

User and process administration : T his component is responsible for the tasks that usually belong to an operating system.

Database access: Each NetWeaver AS ABAP is linked to a database system, consisting of a database management system (DBMS) and the database itself.

Communication : ABAP applications can communicate both with other SAP Systems and with external systems.

Downloads:

Types of Kernel are available in service market place.

By executing disp+work in a cmd line of OS level we can easily get the kernel version, release, Unicode or non Unicode, real or extended. We need to log as a SIDADM or navigate to existing kernel directory to get this information.

Need to download the exact kernel as per:

Kernel files are divided in to 2 parts:

Before Kernel Upgrade:

In the above example: We need to Upgrade N-1. ( N is the latest version)

SAP kernel 7.21 64 BIT Unicode files / patch 402 Part 1 and Part 2, once we downloaded the file we can extract.

Process:

STOPSAP and stop services – disable SAP services before we implement a new kernel.

Reason behind is few files and executables are responsible to start and run SAP application server and few executables are responsible to write logs or update. If we try to replace SAP kernel on fly it may prompt an error file in use.

We have caused a corruption in the kernel directory; new files might be overwritten already. It’s a severe error that we leave a corrupted kernel directory. Few scenarios we may need to restart SAP or if any cause of system shutdown. SAP may through some errors while starting up back when it has a corrupted kernel directory.

Recommended process to STOP SAP, stop SAP services and disable SAP services in services.msc.

Take a back up of existing kernel directory and keep in a safe place. Just in case if we need to revert back to older kernel

Replace existing kernel directory with a new kernel files.

Kernel directory will be located in

\usr\sap\SID\SYS\exe\uc\NTAMDXX

After implementing new kernel we can start SAP

To verify kernel use same CMD: disp+work

Tricky Part:

After replacing kernel if it’s failed to start SAP service:

Wrapping up:

Replacing kernel upgrade is a small effort but it’s important one to keep system up and running in a stabilized manner. Though we get a minimal down time to upgrade kernel, utilize time by preparing it before with guidelines and read kernel upgrade Note first and follow it up for a smoother implementation of new kernel.

Источник

What is the SAP kernel, and why should I care?

Share This Post

What is the SAP kernel, and why should I care?

Please note: This blog was updated 2nd October 2020 with the current information. All content is believed to be accurate at the time of publishing, but may change without warning.

The SAP kernel is the core component of any SAP system. It consists of the executable files that run on the server to handle connections to the system and execute the SAP programs. Using the latest stable kernel is vital to ensure your system runs smoothly.

How to check your kernel

Updating your SAP kernel is the responsibility of the basis team, but any user of an SAP system can check the kernel version to ensure they are keeping it up to date. Use the menu ‘System > Status’ to open this dialogue box:

The ‘Kernel release’ shows the release of your kernel and ‘Sup.pkg lvl.’ shows the support package.

Kernel Release Maintenance

It is important to use a kernel that is still under maintenance from SAP. If your kernel is not under maintenance, you will not get important updates or support from SAP. Running an unmaintained kernel may mean you need to do an urgent unplanned kernel update if you require support from SAP for any issue.

The source for SAP maintenance end dates is the Product Availability Matrix (PAM). The above table is correct at the time of writing based on the information in the PAM.

Choosing a Kernel Release: Downward Compatible Kernels

Your kernel release does not need to match your SAP product release version or NetWeaver release version.

It is important to check your system meets the requirements for the new kernel in the relevant SAP Note:

Kernal Support Package Levels

To get the value of running a supported kernel release, you must ensure you update regularly to the latest support package of that release. The fixes included in kernel support packages include important stability and security updates, and often the most severe security vulnerabilities are fixed in new kernels.

Absoft releases a public review of SAP security vulnerabilities each month, as we provide bespoke reviews to each of our managed service customers. We help customers decide whether to provide an emergency kernel update to address particular security issues, or if they can safely wait until their next scheduled maintenance.

Kernals in SAP S/4HANA

SAP S/4HANA runs on an SAP kernel in exactly the same way as an SAP ERP 6.0 system. You should update to the latest supported release, then ensure you regularly apply support packages, exactly as in SAP ERP 6.0.

7.73: 31 st March 2021

7.77: 31 st December 2024

What are EXT kernels?

All SAP kernels are built on a specific version of the operating system and compiler. When the operating system and compiler for a particular platform reaches the end of support, SAP will make a newer kernel with a newer version of the operating system and compiler called the EXT kernel.

The EXT kernels for a particular release generally have slightly different compatibility, for example SQL Server 2005 is supported on a 722 kernel, but not the 722 EXT kernel. SQL Server 2014 is supported with the 722 EXT kernel, but not 722.

It is recommended to use the newest (ie. EXT) kernel that is supported for your platform, as it is more likely to be created on a supported platform with a supported compiler. More information on EXT kernels is available in SAP Note 1553300.

How to Upgrade the Kernel

Kernels are upgraded by simply replacing the executable files on the server with the new versions. The activity is performed by the basis team. Kernels contain no business logic so there is limited risk, but minimal testing is required to ensure the system runs well afterwards.

For our Managed Service customers we include the latest kernel alongside any support packages we apply, meaning the new kernel is also tested as part of the testing for the support package.

Источник

How to Perform SAP Kernel Upgrade?

This tutorial will explain how to perform SAP kernel upgrade. For other free tutorials on various topics in SAP BASIS, visit free SAP BASIS training page.

What is an SAP kernel?

A kernel is comprised of the executables that run between the operating system and the SAP software, as well as between the database and SAP software. These files help startup the R/3 system, initialize the memory, create buffers and start managing the requests from users and effectively utilizing of hardware resources. The kernel is also responsible for starting and stopping all the application services like dispatcher, message server, collector, etc.

Why upgrade and SAP kernel?

The kernel can be upgraded at any time; however, it is most frequently updated as part of applying support package stacks. SAP may request you to update a part, or all, of the kernel as part of a troubleshooting measure. You may also update the kernel as part of your own troubleshooting.

What are the side effects of upgrading the SAP kernel?

If the kernel is not upgraded properly, SAP may not start and you will have to start over again. It will not have any effect on the ABAP modules. The other side effects are version specific. It will require research on Service Market Place for the exact version you are planning to upgrade to.

SAP Kernel Upgrade Steps

Pre-Upgrade Steps

1.1 Determine the current patch level of the kernel:

1.2 Download the desired kernel (for your operating system and database) from Service Marketplace and store in:

You must download the correct version of the kernel. Take into account whether or not your system is Unicode or non-Unicode, 64-bit or 32-bit, and what database you are using. The kernel will comprise of database dependent and database independent files. Make sure you download both SAPEXE (kernel part 1) and SAPEXEDB (kernel part II). You will also need individual file patches (R3trans, sapftp, tp, etc.)

The files are in this configuration:

Example: /usr/sap/ /SYS/exe/sapcar/

1.5 Backup /usr/sap/ /SYS/exe/run to another location.

Example: cp –R /usr/sap/ /SYS/exe/run /usr/sap/ /SYS/exe/run.bkp

Upgrade Steps

2.1 Shutdown SAP (stopsap) on all application servers and central instance.

2.2 COPY the contents of /usr/sap/ /SYS/exe/newkernel

Example: cp –R /usr/sap/ /SYS/exe/newkernel

2.3 Repeat this for all application servers.

Post-Upgrade Steps

3.1 Check to make sure you have the kernel expected:

3.2 Run command ‘cleanipc’ on all application servers before starting up

3.3 Startup SAP (startsap) on one application server at a time and look for errors during startup.

3.4 Login to the server.

3.5 Go to transaction SM51

Click on the server and choose ‘Release Notes’ to check the kernel version and patch level and make sure it’s the release level and patch number you expected. SAP Kernel Release Information

3.6 Execute transaction SICK to look for errors. SICK – SAP System Check

Conclusion

In conclusion, this article has shown how to perform a kernel upgrade – the pre-upgrade steps, the upgrade steps, and the post-upgrade steps. It has also shared with you what a kernel is and when it needs to be upgraded. We hope this has been insightful for you, that you learnt how to perform SAP kernel upgrade and will have many years of successful SAP kernel upgrades.

Notes

This article assumes a central instance and application servers running on UNIX / Oracle. It also assumes an ABAP stack, not JAVA.

Источник