Sphingobacterium spiritivorum ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π° Sphingobacterium spiritivorum Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ S. spiritivorum Π² ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅. ΠΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ S. spiritivorum Ρ 68-Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ·, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 38,3 β. ΠΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π² Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ S. spiritivorum Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 16S ΡΠ ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ S. spiritivorum. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 11 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° S. spiritivorum Π² ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅. Π₯ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ, S. spiritivorum ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ Sphingobacterium ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ, Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π° [1]. ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ Sphingobacterium ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ IIk). Holmes et al. [2, 3] ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ» Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Flavobacterium Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² 1983 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Yabuuchi et al. [4] Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ» Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Sphingobacterium Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π ΠΎΠ΄ Sphingobacterium Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ , ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Flavobacterium [4].
ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ Sphingobacterium ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ [5]. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Sphingobacterium spiritivorum ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ S. spiritivorum Π² ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅. ΠΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ S. spiritivorum Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°.
68-Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ 7 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π£ Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ . Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½, 11,3 Π³ / Π΄Π»; Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Ρ, 2,86 Γ 109 / Π» (Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ, 40%, Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ, 57% ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ, 3%); ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², 47 Γ 109 / Π». ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²Π·ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° (ΠΠ). ΠΠ°Π³ΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ BM ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² (40%) ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ·, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅, Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ 2008 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [6].
ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π° 160 ΠΌΠ³ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° 20 ΠΌΠ³ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 3 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° 20 ΠΌΠ³ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 4 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 38,3 β. ΠΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ 90/70 ΠΌΠΌ ΡΡ.ΡΡ., 110 / ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 20 / ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ C-ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° (CRP) ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 6,31 ΠΌΠ³ / Π΄Π», Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 0,08 Π½Π³ / ΠΌΠ» (ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½: 99% Ρ S. spiritivorum ΠΈ> 0,8% ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ S. spiritivorum [7].
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Sphingobacterium, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ GenBank. Π€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Microseq 500 bp 16S ΡΠ ΠΠ (ΡΠΈΠ³.2).
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ AST-N132 ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Vitek 2 (BioMΓ©rieux). ΠΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΠΌΡ, ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ; ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ, ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½-ΠΊΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅; Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π°Π·ΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ.
Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½. Π Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ββΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· 3 Π΄Π½Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΡ Π»Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ S. spiritivorum ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΡΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°.
Π‘ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ , Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ [5]. Π Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Sphingobacterium, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ S. multivorum ΠΈ S. spiritivorum. ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎ 7 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ S. multivorum ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ [5, 18-20], ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ [21], ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ [22] ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ [23]. Π‘ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎ 3 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ S. spiritivorum Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ 24. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ 2. Π 2002 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π»Π»Π° [24] Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ S. spiritivorum. Π 2003 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Tronel et al. [25] ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π» ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ S. spiritivorum. Π 2005 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Kronel et al. [26] ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ S. spiritivorum ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ³Π°.
Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ββΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 2 ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ S. spiritivorum Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°.
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 16S ΡΠ ΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ [27, 28]. ΠΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ S. spiritivorum, ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 16S ΡΠ ΠΠ.
ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ Sphingobacterium, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΊ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ B, Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΊ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡ-ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ in vitro. ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Ξ²-Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ [1]. Π 2009 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Lambiase et al. [29] ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ 13 ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² S. multivorum ΠΈ 8 S. spiritivorum ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ Ρ 332 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΊ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΊ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ S. multivorum ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ξ²-Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ S. spiritivorum Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΠΌΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ.
ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° S. spinivorum Π² ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ S. spiritivorum ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ.
ΠΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅.
(A) Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°, Γ 1000). (B) ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Sphingobacterium spiritivorum Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ°.
Π€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Sphingobacterium, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ 16S ΡΠ ΠΠ Microseq 500 bp. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π² Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ GenBank. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ 0,01 ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° 1% ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
ΠΠ°Π·Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ : GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank), EMBL (ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl), RDP-II (The Ribosomal Database Project, http://rdp.cme.msu.edu) ΠΈ EzTaxon (http://www.eztaxon.org).
Π‘Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Sphingobacterium spiritivorum
Π‘ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: M, ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Ρ; F, ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°; ΠΠΠ, Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π»Π°Π²Π°ΠΆ; PR, Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Ρ; NA, Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎ.
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum bacteremia due to cellulitis in an elderly man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure: a case report
Abstract
Background
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum is a glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative rod, formerly classified as one of the Flavobacterium species. It is characterized by a large number of cellular membrane sphingophospholipids. Sphingobacterium species are ubiquitous and isolated from natural environments, such as soil and water. However, they rarely cause infections in humans. Only a limited number of cases have been reported in elderly and immunocompromised patients with underlying diseases and predisposing factors.
Case presentation
An 80-year-old Japanese man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure visited the Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Aichi, Japan with the chief complaint of fever accompanied by chills and left leg pain. At initial presentation, he was distressed and dyspneic. He was febrile (38.8 Β°C), and his left foot was swollen with reddening and tenderness. We diagnosed him as having cellulitis, and he was hospitalized for antibiotic therapy. Initially, he was treated with intravenously administered cefazolin, but after the isolation of a glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative rod from blood cultures, we decided to switch cefazolin to intravenously administered meropenem on day 4, considering the antibiotic resistance of the causative organism. The causative organism was identified as S. spiritivorum on day 6. His condition gradually stabilized after admission. Meropenem was switched to orally administered levofloxacin on day 12. He was discharged on day 16 and treated successfully without any complications.
Conclusions
Although S. spiritivorum is rare, with limited cases isolated from cellulitis, it should be considered as a causative organism in elderly and immunocompromised patients with cellulitis. Blood cultures are the key to correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Background
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum (S. spiritivorum) is a glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative rod (GNF-GNR), formerly classified as one of the Flavobacterium species [1]. It is characterized by a large number of cellular membrane sphingophospholipids [1]. Sphingobacterium species are ubiquitous and isolated from natural environments, such as soil and water. However, they rarely cause infection in humans. Only a limited number of cases have been reported in elderly and immunocompromised patients with underlying disease and predisposing factors [2,3,4,5,6]. However, S. spiritivorum has the potential of causing fatal infections and bacteremia, particularly in elderly and immunocompromised patients. Although our case is not the first case report of S. spiritivorum infection isolated from humans, we propose that it is important to consider S. spiritivorum as a causative organism in selected patients with cellulitis.
Case presentation
An 80-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with complaints of fever and left leg pain, as well as bilateral lower extremity swelling. Although mild edema was always observed in his bilateral lower extremities, it gradually worsened 1 week prior to admission. On the day of admission, he had high fever accompanied by chills. He denied any recent leg trauma. His past medical history was significant for pulmonary tuberculosis at 30 years of age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and congestive heart failure (CHF). A pacemaker was inserted because of atrial fibrillation (AF) with symptomatic bradycardia. He was an ex-tobacco smoker (100 pack year history) and did not drink alcohol. His maintenance medications were dabigatran (220 mg), furosemide (20 mg), and an inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting Ξ²2-agonist.
At initial presentation, he was alert and oriented but appeared distressed. His vital signs were as follows: body temperature, 38.8 Β°C; blood pressure, 135/90 mmHg; heart rate, 96 beats per minute with irregular rhythm; blood oxygen saturation, 93% with room air; and respiratory rate, 22 breaths per minute. He had a barrel-shaped chest, coarse crackles were heard over the lung base, and wheezes were heard over both lung fields. Pitting edema was observed in his lower extremities. His left foot had more erythema and edema than his right foot (Fig. 1). His left lower extremity was warm and tender to touch. There were no skin breaks or other potential infection entry sites. Tinea pedis was ascertained by a potassium hydroxide test.
Appearance of lower extremities of the patient on the day of admission (a) and after treatment (b). On the day of admission, reddening and swelling were observed on the left leg. Dermatophyte was positive in the toe webs as per a potassium hydroxide test
Arterial blood gas analysis showed the following results: pH, 7.408; partial pressure of carbon dioxide, 44 mmHg; partial pressure of oxygen, 72 mmHg; bicarbonate, 22.5 mmol/L; and lactate, 1.8 mmol/L. A complete blood count revealed the following results: white blood cells, 9,000/ΞΌL; red blood cells, 384 Γ 10 4 /ΞΌL; hemoglobin, 12.4 g/dL; and platelets, 9.6 Γ 10 4 /ΞΌL. Chemistry results were as follows: serum creatinine, 0.81 mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen, 19.0 mg/dL; albumin, 3.7 g/dL; total bilirubin, 2.1 mg/dL; aspartate aminotransferase, 43 U/L; alanine aminotransferase, 22 U/L; C-reactive protein, 0.36 mg/dl; and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), 471 pg/mL (our patientβs basal BNP level was approximately 100 pg/mL). A coagulation test showed prolonged prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (1.29) and activated partial thromboplastin time (52.3 seconds). A chest X-ray showed a nodular lesion on the right pulmonary apex compatible with previous tuberculous infection without any infiltrations. An electrocardiogram showed AF with pacemaker rhythm without any sensing and pacing failures. Based on these results, we diagnosed our patient as having cellulitis and immediately admitted him to hospital because his respiratory status continued to worsen, necessitating supplemental oxygen therapy for dyspnea relief. We also considered a risk of sepsis and mortality because his sequential organ failure assessment score was 5 points (2 points greater than baseline) at initial presentation [7].
Cefazolin (1 g every 8 hours) was initially administered intravenously to treat his cellulitis, but after 25 hours of incubation, two sets of aerobic blood culture bottles (BD BACTEC™ Plus Aerobic/F Medium; BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD, USA) were found to be positive (detected by BD BACTEC™ FX, Blood Culture System; BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD, USA) for GNRs (Fig. 2). The positive culture broth was inoculated onto a blood agar plate (BD BBL™ Trypticase™ Soy Agar with 5% Sheep Blood; Nippon Becton Dickinson Company, Fukushima, Japan) and light yellow colonies were observed after incubation of 24 hours at 37 Β°C. The causative organism was confirmed as GNF-GNR on day 4. Accordingly, we switched antibiotics to intravenously administered meropenem (1 g every 8 hours) on the same day, considering antibiotic resistance. On day 6, the causative organism was identified as S. spiritivorum. It was identified by BD PHOENIX™ System (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD, USA) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, using Microflex LT with MALDI Biotyper version 3.1 database (Bruker Daltonik, Bremen, Germany). Our patientβs condition gradually improved with the antibiotic use. We decided to switch antibiotics to orally administered levofloxacin (500 mg/day) on day 12, considering the antibiotic sensitivity of S. spiritivorum isolated from the blood culture (Table 1). Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was an alternative but was not used out of concern for adverse drug reactions considering our patientβs age. He was discharged on day 16 without any complications, and the antibiotic was discontinued on the same day. We followed up with him 2 weeks after discharge, during which he did not have any residual symptoms related to cellulitis.
Gram stain of the organism isolated from blood culture (magnification, Γ1000). Gram-negative short rods were seen
Discussion
Sphingobacterium species are aerobic, Gram-negative, short rod, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacteria. They are oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, and urease-positive and indole-negative and produce light yellow colonies on blood agar plates [1]. Thus far, more than 20 species in the genus Sphingobacterium have been reported based on 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing [8] and the number of isolated species is increasing. S. spiritivorum was first isolated from a human clinical specimen by Holmes et al. in 1982 [9] and was initially described as Flavobacterium spiritivorum. In 1983, Yabuuchi et al. first proposed Sphingobacterium as a new genus [10]. The genus Sphingobacterium differs from the genus Flavobacterium by high cellular membrane concentrations of sphingophospholipid and ceramide. Naka et al. performed a structural analysis of sphingophospholipids in S. spiritivorum, thereby purifying a novel sphingolipid among eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells [11].
Sphingobacterium species are ubiquitous and commonly isolated from soil, plants, and water, but rarely from human infection sites. Sphingobacterium multivorum and S. spiritivorum were isolated from very few existing cases. Lambiase et al. reported the isolation of S. multivorum and S. spiritivorum from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis [12]. Recently, the first human case of Sphingobacterium hotanense infection in an elderly patient was reported [13]. In that case, scratches on the right arm caused by a rooster were the suspected infection entry site from soil.
Sphingobacterium species are resistant to commonly used antibiotics [1]. S. multivorum can produce an extended-spectrum Ξ²-lactamase and a metallo-Ξ²-lactamase, which make it resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, respectively [14]. S. spiritivorum is susceptible to carbapenems. Quinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ceftazidime are effective in vitro, which is compatible with previous clinical reports [12]. S. spiritivorum isolated from the present case was susceptible to the antibiotics listed above. In the present case, we observed a good clinical course with intravenously administered meropenem followed by orally administered levofloxacin.
We identified five previously reported cases of S. spiritivorum infection in the English literature [2,3,4,5,6] (Table 2). Three cases were caused by cellulitis [2, 3, 6] and two cases by catheter-related blood stream infection [4, 5]. In most of these cases, the patients had predisposing factors and underlying diseases, such as Parkinsonβs disease (with chronic venous stasis due to akinesia and injuries from frequent falls, which are risk factors for cellulitis) [2, 3], refractory anemia [4], acute myeloid leukemia treated with chemotherapy [5], and end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis [6]. One case of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by S. spiritivorum [15] was not included because it was not a direct infection but was caused by a hypersensitivity reaction against organism-derived allergens [16]. In our case, edema due to CHF was a risk factor for cellulitis [17]. Aging and COPD can also increase susceptibility to infections [18, 19]. Tinea pedis is a risk factor for cellulitis [20] because it may provide entry sites for infections [21] and changes in bacterial flora [22].
Although obtaining blood cultures of patients with cellulitis may not be cost effective, given the low rate of positive blood cultures (2.0%) [23], we could not have made a correct diagnosis in the present case without blood cultures. Mills and Chen reviewed several studies and concluded that obtaining blood cultures does not significantly alter treatment or aid in diagnosing the causative organism in immunocompetent patients with acute cellulitis [24]. In addition, the current Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines do not recommend routine performance of blood cultures in patients with cellulitis; however, performing blood cultures is recommended in patients with malignancy, chemotherapy, neutropenia, severe cell-mediated immunodeficiency, immersion injuries, and animal bites [25]. Peralta et al. reported the absence of previous antibiotic treatment and the presence of two or more comorbid factors including obesity, COPD, diabetes, alcohol addiction, liver cirrhosis, CHF, and immunocompromised condition were associated with bacteremia in patients with cellulitis [26]. Lee et al. proposed an initial diagnostic prediction model with four independent predictors for estimating probability of bacteremia in patients with cellulitis: age β₯ 65 years, involvement of non-lower extremities, liver cirrhosis, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome [27]. In a recent study, van Daalen et al. reported the blood culture positivity rate was higher than the rates reported by IDSA guidelines in hospitalized patients with skin and soft tissue infections, particularly in patients with severe comorbidity [28]. Evaluation of patientsβ comorbidity is critical to making decisions to perform blood cultures in patients with cellulitis. Considering S. spiritivorum was isolated from blood cultures in all of the previous reports, performing blood cultures in patients with cellulitis with comorbid risk factors can be useful to identify the causative organism and important for appropriate treatment.
Conclusions
S. spiritivorum is a rare causative organism of cellulitis, with a limited number of reported cases in the literature. In the present case, aging and COPD could have been the risk factors for infection, and edema due to CHF was a predisposing factor for cellulitis. Tinea pedis could have produced an infection entry site. Although our patient was initially septic, he was successfully treated by administration of targeted antibiotics. Blood cultures were key to identifying the causative organism in the present case. We should consider S. spiritivorum as a potential causative organism of cellulitis, particularly in patients with comorbid risk factors.